‘Between a Hound and a Jackal’ – The Surrealist Moon of Tarot de Marseille

Pierre Madenié 1709 (negative of)

This is an update to a previous posting on the Moon card, but more specifically exploring how it relates to an old French medieval saying, ‘entre chien et loup’ (‘between a dog and a wolf’), which describes the twilight hour between day and night. I had made a comparison of the liminal, canine critters to the crocodile in one of Horapollo’s Hieroglyphics, ‘How they shadow forth darkness’, as well as the beastie Amut, who devours heavy hearts after they are weighed in the Egyptian afterlife.

Horapollo (Horus Apollo), like many who would come after him, made a valiant attempt to decipher hieroglyphs that were thousands of years before his time. What’s interesting is that while many of his descriptions were ‘corrected’ with the discovery of the Rosetta Stone, there are quite a few TdM cards that suggest someone just might have been using Horapollo for inspiration.

Anyway, I’d admitted the croc and beastie were perhaps a stretch, so here’s an example much closer to the mark. Not sure why it had eluded me before…

Tomb of Sennefer or Tomb of the Vineyards, in the Valley of the Nobles

All the details are there, the bunches of grapes even look like dew drops of the Moon card! Between the two guardians, there is a long stand with a platter of lotuses on top. Often depicted in tomb paintings, lotuses were considered to have an aphrodisiac sent, which revitalized the dead. A similar metaphor to the crayfish in the TdM card (resembling a scarab or triple Hekate of the liminal spaces), lotuses grow from the muddy waters and into the light of day (or night, as it were).

Girl with Lotuses, Theban tomb of Menna

The expression, ‘entre chien et loup’ actually has much older, Latin roots: ‘intra hora vespertina inter canem et lupum’, which is though to date back to at least the 7th century. So it’s not a huge stretch to relate it to Egyptian or Egypto-Greco-Roman tomb imagery. As a metaphor, it is used to describe a time when clarity is fading and things become uncertain, creating a sense of fear or unease. The hound and jackal (Anubis) served as guides through the underworld journey, the in-between state which can also be thought of as the Bardo (Tibetan) or simply the time when lack of light begins to create phantoms that take on a life of their own in our dreams.

Stela of Pekysis 1st c B.C.–A.D. 4th c  (detail)

Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa [Alexandria] ca 2nd c AD (detail)
Much later, the Surrealists would find their inspiration at this liminal precipice, drawing from dreams and the unconscious, which were also being explored in modern psychoanalysis. The Surrealist movement was officially founded in 1924. Salvador Dali developed a technique called the ‘paranoiac-critical method‘ which was much like an enhanced dream or nightmare state, possibly not unlike the Bacchic-Orphic mystery, with its essential ritual objects:

‘One of the types of objects theorized in surrealism was the phantom object. According to Salvador Dalí, these objects have a minimum of mechanical meaning, but, when viewed, the mind evokes phantom images which are the result of unconscious acts.’ [Wikipedia]

Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii fresco (detail)

Perhaps the original reason for all ritual objects was as a means with which to create phantom ‘guides’ or signposts in the inner or unconscious state. If so, should we be making a conscious effort to be more selective with the objects (and subjects) we ritualize on a daily basis?

Pompeii fresco

The Moon card has often been compared to a Giorgio de Chirico landscape or Surrealist painting, it’s one of the few cards depicting a landscape with perspective (and is the most pronounced of these). De Chirico was a great inspiration to the Surrealist painters. His often disquieting landscapes feel neither here nor there.

Giorgio de Chirico, ‘The Enigma of a Day’ (Paris, early 1914) MOMA

The Surrealists were also exploring the potential of film, which until the late 1920s had been silent. One of the most disquieting scenes in cinema to this day is in the Surrealist film, Un Chien Andalou/L’Âge d’Or (‘An Andalusian Dog/The Golden Age’) by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dali (1929). The first part of the film’s title is an obvious word play on the old saying. Surrealism came about during the aftermath of WWI, during the ‘twilight’ before WWII…between the hound of Hades and wolf of Mars. Phantoms were everywhere. War itself is a grand surreal (‘super-real’) event that tears the fabric of waking reality.

Death’s-head hawk moth from Un Chien Andalou/L’Âge d’Or

In his own work, Dali often featured lobsters. Being a Taurus he experienced food as erotic, and lobsters in particular as aphrodisiac. In my previous post I had also noted the uterine shape of the crayfish (interchangeable with lobster), but of course it can also be phallic, an all-in-one, so to speak.

Read about Dali’s cookbook here.

Dali by George Platt Lynes 1939

The TdM Moon card depicts an in-between state, a possibly perilous time where the soul is either drawn back into a body or up to the heavens. Illusions of the mind and ‘persistent memories’ are everywhere, fears and desires (Dali’s lobster) can become phantoms that direct us. No wonder the Fool takes his spirit animal along! It tears his garment, as if to show us how the fabric of our reality or persona can thus be torn open. Obvious yonic symbolism there, too, foreshadowing rebirth in the World card. Future article! ~rb

Dali Moon card (featuring old skyline of New York), 1984.

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Let Me Take You Down – The Juggler/ Le Bateleur of Tarot de Marseille

Isis assists with the embalming of a mummy, Kom El Shokafa, Alexandria, 2nd c

‘One becomes Two, Two becomes Three,  and out of the Third
comes the One as the Fourth.’  
~ Pythagoras

In a previous post , we saw how this Cosmology of Pythagoras applies to Tarot. It is but one of the initial or initiatory, key concepts conveyed to us as a visual clue by our Master of Ceremonies, The Juggler/Le Bateleur (aka the Magician). Do you see it?
Hint: It’s ‘dessous la table’, in every Marseille-type deck.

Vieville, Conver and Noblet cards

Of course, I am referring to the legs. People tend to write off his three-legged table as simply being of the portable sort that Bagatelles used. It’s true, three legs provide the most stable table for any surface. (Especially if it happens to be a tripod with a Pythia sitting on it). But his table in fact has four. Because one of his legs is behind or combined with one of the table legs, his other leg becomes the 4th leg; ‘the One as the Fourth.’ Another consistent feature is that the rectangular table top always extends beyond the picture border… just how long might it be?

Below are two images of Anubis, god of funerary rites and underworld guide, preparing the dead. His uncovered, lower legs are always visible beneath the embalming bed, and knees about level. This ritual table traditionally had a lion head(s) and legs, which we will return to in a moment.

Legs of Anubis
Egyptian embalmer’s bed, 664-332 BC  (Met Museum, NY)

The Juggler is often equated with Hermes/Thoth, initiator into the mysteries or the ‘in-between’ state itself who oversees the alchemical process. But he’s also seen as an initiate, who maybe doesn’t yet know what all these objects he’s selling are for. As others familiar with Osirian-Orphic mystery content in TdM imagery have noted, they likely allude to dismemberment or sacrifice. They also bear a resemblance to the tools used in the Egyptian ‘Opening of the Mouth’ ceremony, which according to belief, enabled the deceased to eat, breathe, drink and use their senses in the afterlife.

Religious equipment for ‘Opening of the Mouth’ ceremony, 6th dyn. (British Museum)

Naturally, the Juggler’s objects also symbolize the four Hermetic elements (ie, the suits of the minor arcana) and the four ways a body is returned to them in traditional funerary rites. The four ‘parts’ of us that are returned to their sources – body to earth, spirit to fire, soul to water, mind or breath to air – will again be drawn from them and remixed, for another round.

Four ways a body is returned to the elements

Now, let’s just for fun assume the Juggler’s table should have another wooden leg, that it is indeed modelled on an embalming table with leonine features and that it displays tools related to the ‘opening of the mouth.’
Where would we then look for the missing leg? Only the Conver-type decks give us a proper clue [addendum: Dodal also] – the Strength lion’s single leg having a distinctly wooden look and no paw. (Always thought it a rather canine-looking lion). In other TdM decks, it has normal, lion forepaws, which, nevertheless is a hieroglyphic feature, based on Horapollo.

The missing leg and the opening of the mouth

The Pythagorean rule informs us that every 4th card is also a first. 1 was considered masculine/solar and 2, feminine/lunar. 3, while odd, fiery and therefor technically ‘masculine,’ creates the first enclosed space (triangle/womb), so it is actually a combination of masc/fem (the Mercurial, creative magic of the trinity need not be re-explained here). 11 is two 1s or 1+1=2, the lunar partner to the solar Juggler.
I’ll discuss the 2s in my next post, but let the image below, from the Catacombs of Kom El Shokafa, where Egyptian and Greco-Roman mysteries meet, serve as a preview.

Where did you get that hat? Gorgoneion as ‘death face’ of the Sun

The crown/corona worn by royals represents the Sun’s rays. To be coronated means to be crowned with the Sun and become a god-like, solar figure. In alchemy, the Sun symbolizes both the material gold and the hidden, spiritual gold, which is only achieved after a long process. The Juggler holds a little yellow coin or roundel (material gold) and there is a small, yellow flame [aka ear of golden grain] beneath the table, in the distance (spiritual gold). They are separate, at this point in the game.

One/Four cards (Camoin-Jodo deck)

Notice that every card in the 1/4 place between Juggler and Sun depicts a crown, in various phases of transmutation, as well as solar wheels (Chariot, Fortune) and phallic symbols (all seven do, but in the last card it is a horizontal wall). The Sun is its own corona (unified, risen spirit), but what about the Juggler? He is only a 1, not a 1/4, and wears not a crown but a floppy hat with a spherical, red middle.  Could this too be symbolic of the Sun?

Floppy discs

Answer is yes. The question of his hat had admittedly irked me a long time, until I saw these beautiful, French prints of Egyptian deities in the NYPL collections.

Winged solar disk, emblems of Thoth/Hermes Trismegistus (NYPL)

So the red sphere of the Juggler’s hat represents the solar disk, its brim being vaguely reminiscent of wings – or – perhaps symbolic of the funerary boat in which the Sun god Ra, and thereby Kings and Pharaohs traversed the Duat, when the sun set. The red sphere appears to sink into the brim, ie, setting below the horizon, corona faded. Meanwhile, on the distant horizon flickers that tiny, golden flame of spirit, which will become a bright Sun once again.
Pythagoreans believed in reincarnation, Pythagoras himself was said to have remembered several of his past lives.

New take on retro fashion or just comparing scars?

On that note, I leave you with a vivid, childhood memory…
My father was a psychiatrist with a sense of humour (and with whom I often played cards). Hanging on our bathroom wall was a small, framed photo of Sigmund Freud, with a quote by Groucho Marx taped beneath:

“This may be a phallus, but gentlemen, let us remember, it is also a cigar.”

~rb


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